Depression

Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. Fortunately, it is also treatable. Depression causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease your ability to function at work and at home.

Depression symptoms can vary from mild to severe and can include:

Feeling sad or having a depressed mood
Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed
Changes in appetite — weight loss or gain unrelated to dieting
Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much
Loss of energy or increased fatigue
Increase in purposeless physical activity (e.g., inability to sit still, pacing, handwringing) or slowed movements or speech (these actions must be severe enough to be observable by others)
Feeling worthless or guilty
Difficulty thinking, concentrating or making decisions
Thoughts of death or suicide

Symptoms must last at least two weeks and must represent a change in your previous level of functioning for a diagnosis of depression.

Also, medical conditions (e.g., thyroid problems, a brain tumor or vitamin deficiency) can mimic symptoms of depression so it is important to rule out general medical causes.

Causes of Depression

Biological Factors

Imbalances in certain neurotransmitters (such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine) can contribute to depression. Genetic factors and changes in brain structure and function may also play a role.

Environmental Factors

Stressful life events, trauma, abuse, loss of a loved one, financial difficulties, relationship problems, or significant life changes can trigger or contribute to depression.

Psychological Factors

Low self-esteem, pessimistic thinking patterns, a history of mental health issues, or having a chronic illness can increase the risk of developing Depression.

Other Factors

Certain medications, substance abuse, hormonal changes (such as during pregnancy or postpartum), and underlying medical conditions (such as thyroid disorders or chronic pain) can be associated with depression.

Treatment

Psychotherapy

Different forms of therapy, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), or psychodynamic therapy, can help individuals identify and modify negative thought patterns, cope with difficult emotions, and improve problem-solving skills.

Medication

In many cases Medication -psychiatric help is also guided ( for short term) , however it differs client to client.
Lifestyle changes and social support (family and friends), avoiding substance abuse is very much helpful to alleviate depression symptoms.

It's important to consult with a mental health professional for an accurate diagnosis and to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for depression.